✎ Collegial ECI with shared powers is essential to prevent authoritarianism and protect democracy.
Relevance for Banking, SSC & RBI Grade B exams: Polity
The Supreme Court, in its 1991 judgment in *S.S. Dhanoa v. Union of India*, had cautioned that if the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) adopts an authoritarian approach, treating other Election Commissioners (ECs) as subordinate, the ECs would become “non-functional or ornamental.” The apex court emphasized the need for a collegial and multi-member Election Commission of India (ECI) to prevent the concentration of vast discretionary powers in a single individual, as this could undermine democratic accountability. The judgment, which influenced the *Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023*, mandates that the ECI must function either unanimously or by majority consensus, ensuring that ECs have an equal say in decision-making. The court’s reasoning, echoed in the *T.N. Seshan* case, underscores that institutions like the ECI, Public Service Commissions, and National Commissions for SC/ST must operate through cooperation and respect for diverse viewpoints, rather than hierarchical dominance.
For aspirants preparing for Bank PO, IBPS, SBI, RBI Grade B, and SSC exams, this judgment holds significant relevance as it tests understanding of constitutional provisions, institutional checks and balances, and the role of independent bodies in a democracy. Questions may arise on the composition and functioning of the ECI, the importance of judicial oversight in safeguarding constitutional bodies, and the dangers of unchecked executive or individual authority. Additionally, the case highlights the interplay between constitutional law and governance, a recurring theme in exams like RBI Grade B’s Phase II (Economic and Social Issues) and SSC’s General Studies papers. The emphasis on multi-member commissions and majority decisions also ties into broader themes of federalism and separation of powers, making it a critical topic for static GK and current affairs sections.
Source: The Hindu
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